Keywords
diabetes mellitus
thyroid gland
body mass index
carbohydrate metabolism
How to Cite
Abstract
Abstract. The purpose of the study was to investigate the associative relationships between
intestinal microbiome composition and patient age, body mass index, and immunologicalbiochemical
parameters of thyroid function in individuals with carbohydrate metabolism
disorders and thyroid disease.
Material and methods. The study enrolled 89 patients with confirmed carbohydrate metabolism
disorders (type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, obesity) and thyroid dysfunction (autoimmune
thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, Graves' disease). Anthropometric measurements of height and
weight were recorded; laboratory analysis included immunological and biochemical parameters
of carbohydrate metabolism and thyroid hormones. Intestinal microbiome composition was
assessed by collecting fecal samples and performing quantitative and qualitative analyses using
PCR sequencing. Statistical methods of comparison and correlation analysis were applied.
Research results and their discussion. Several significant statistical associations were identified
between the gut microbiome and the studied clinical parameters. A negative correlation was
observed between body mass index and Bifidobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli, along with
a positive correlation between BMI and several opportunistic pathogens. Specifically, Shigella
spp. and Staphylococcus aureus showed a direct weak reliable association, while Helicobacter
pylory demonstrated an inverse reliable relationship. Correlations with a tendency towards
significance were found between BMI and Salmonella spp. and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron
(direct, weak), and an inverse tendency with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Candida spp.
Firmicutes were inversely correlated with fT3 levels. Bacteroidetes showed direct correlations
with fT3 and TgAb titers. Clostridium perfringens was directly correlated with fT3, fT4, TRAb,
and TgAb, while Fusobacterium nucleatum correlated with TPOAb. Candida spp. demonstrated
an inverse relationship with TPOAb, and uniquely among this genus, Candida krusei showed a
direct correlation with TRAb. Helicobacter pylory was directly correlated with both TRAb and TgAb.
Conclusions. An inverse correlation was established between BMI and Bifidobacterium spp. and
Escherichia coli, and a direct correlation between BMI and certain opportunistic pathogens: Shigella
spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (direct, weak, reliable), and an inverse reliable relationship with
Helicobacter pylory. Correlations with a tendency towards significance were found between BMI
and Salmonella spp. and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (direct, weak), and an inverse tendency
with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Candida spp. Age-microbiome analysis revealed only a single
weak inverse significant correlation with Candida spp. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Clostridium
perfringens demonstrated various types of correlations with thyroid hormone levels, reflecting
metabolic shifts associated with thyroid dysfunction. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Helicobacter
pylory, Candida spp. and Candida krusei were correlated with thyroid antibodies, suggesting their
potential role in modulating autoimmune responses targeting the thyroid gland.
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